Electrochemistry: Characteristics of electrolytes, Ostwald‘s law, Activity coefficient, Ionic strength, Debye – Hückel equation, Faraday’s law, Electrical conductivity of solutions and its measurement, Ampholytes, Mobility of ions, Electrode potential, Oxidation-Reduction potential, Types of electrodes, Electrochemical cells, Electromagnetic force and pH measurements, Electrometric analysis (Potentiometry,  Polarography, Amperometry, Coulometry, Conductometry, and Colorimetry).